VOC / SVOC
Analysis of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in air, water, or soil to detect solvent emissions and organic pollutants affecting environmental quality.
Nonhalogenated Organics
Overview
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Test Methods
Solutions
Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) is a widely used analytical technique for the quantitative determination of nonhalogenated organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters, and other volatile organics. Its high sensitivity to carbon-containing molecules, broad linear dynamic range, and reproducible response make it ideal for monitoring industrial solvents, fuel components, and process-related organics in environmental and product quality applications. In this application note, GC-FID is demonstrated as a robust, cost-effective method for separating and quantifying nonhalogenated organics across complex sample matrices.
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Aromatic and Halogenated Volatiles
Overview
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Test Methods
Solutions
Gas Chromatography coupled with Electrolytic Conductivity Detection (GC-ELCD) provides a selective and sensitive approach for analyzing aromatic and halogenated volatile organic compounds in environmental, industrial, and product matrices. The ELCD offers enhanced specificity for compounds containing halogens, sulfur, or nitrogen, making it especially effective for detecting chlorinated solvents, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic contaminants that are difficult to quantify using non-selective detectors. This application demonstrates the capability of GC-ELCD to achieve precise separation and quantification of complex volatile mixtures with high selectivity and low detection limits.
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Volatile Organic Compounds (by Vacuum Distillation)
Overview
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Test Methods
EPA Method 8260B
EPA Method 8261 – VOCs by Vacuum Distillation
Solutions
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique for the identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) across environmental, industrial, and product applications. By combining the separation efficiency of GC with the molecular specificity of MS detection, this method enables accurate characterization of complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, solvents, and other volatile pollutants at trace levels. The approach provides high sensitivity, selectivity, and confidence in compound identification—making it ideal for routine monitoring, regulatory compliance, and source investigation of VOC emissions.
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Semivolatile Organic Compounds
Overview
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Test Methods
Solutions
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a proven and reliable technique for the analysis of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in environmental and industrial samples. These compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, phthalates, and chlorinated organics, exhibit lower volatility and higher molecular weights than typical VOCs, requiring precise temperature control and robust separation conditions. GC-MS offers excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and compound identification capabilities, making it the preferred method for regulatory monitoring, contamination assessment, and product quality evaluation of SVOCs.
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Carbonyl Compounds
Overview
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Test Methods
EPA Method 8315A
Solutions
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (HPLC-FLD) is a highly sensitive and selective technique for the determination of carbonyl compounds in air, water, and product samples. After derivatization, typically with DNPH or similar reagents, carbonyls such as aldehydes and ketones form stable fluorescent hydrazones that can be efficiently separated and quantified. The HPLC-FLD method provides excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and linearity, making it ideal for formaldehyde and other reactive carbonyl monitoring in environmental and industrial hygiene applications.
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Solvent Extractable Nonvolatile Compounds
Overview
Solvent Extractable Nonvolatile Compounds (SENVCs) are organic substances that can be extracted from materials using organic solvents and are not easily volatilized. These compounds, which may include additives, plasticizers, oligomers, and degradation products, are often analyzed to assess material composition, product safety, and regulatory compliance.
Test Methods
EPA Method 8321B
Solutions
Analytical techniques such as Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) are commonly employed for their detection and characterization. LC-MS enables sensitive identification and structural elucidation of unknown compounds, while HPLC-UV provides accurate quantification and spectral profiling of components with UV activity. Together, these methods offer a comprehensive approach for analyzing solvent extractable nonvolatile compounds in complex matrices.
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Total Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air
Overview
Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) are a group of carbon-based chemicals that easily evaporate into the air at room temperature. They are commonly released from sources such as paints, cleaning products, building materials, furnishings, and personal care items. High levels of VOCs can contribute to poor indoor air quality and may cause health effects such as headaches, eye or throat irritation, and fatigue. Monitoring and measuring TVOC concentrations are important for understanding indoor air pollution and maintaining a healthy indoor environment.
Test Methods
–
Solutions
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a precise and dependable technique for identifying and quantifying TVOCs in indoor air. In this method, air samples are collected using sorbent tubes or canisters, then analyzed after thermal desorption or solvent extraction. The gas chromatograph separates the volatile compounds, while the mass spectrometer provides detailed information about their chemical identity and concentration. This approach allows for accurate detection of a wide range of VOCs, helping researchers and environmental professionals assess air quality, identify pollution sources, and ensure regulatory compliance.
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Organic Pollutants in Complex Matrices
Overview
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemical substances that resist environmental degradation and can accumulate in living organisms, posing long-term risks to human health and ecosystems. These compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and dioxins, are often found in soil, water, air, and biological samples. Because POPs are stable and occur at trace levels within complex sample matrices, their accurate detection and quantification require highly sensitive and selective analytical techniques.
Test Methods
–
Solutions
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful and reliable tool for the analysis of POPs in complex matrices. Samples are typically extracted and purified through solvent extraction and cleanup procedures to remove interferences before GC-MS analysis. The gas chromatograph separates individual compounds based on volatility and polarity, while the mass spectrometer provides structural information and quantitative data with high sensitivity. This method allows precise identification and measurement of trace-level POPs, supporting environmental monitoring, regulatory compliance, and risk assessment studies.
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Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) in Ambient Air
Overview
Non-Methane Organic Compounds (NMOCs) are a diverse group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in ambient air, excluding methane. They originate from both natural sources, such as vegetation, and human activities, including industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and solvent use. NMOCs play a significant role in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols, which contribute to air pollution and smog formation. Monitoring NMOC levels is therefore essential for understanding atmospheric chemistry, assessing air quality, and supporting regulatory air pollution control efforts.
Test Methods
ASTM D5953M-96
Solutions
Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (HS-GC-FID) provides a robust and reliable method for the determination of NMOCs in ambient air. In this technique, air samples are collected in canisters or sorbent tubes, and volatile compounds are introduced into the GC system via headspace sampling. The gas chromatograph separates individual organic compounds, while the flame ionization detector measures their concentrations with high sensitivity and linearity. HS-GC-FID offers a simple, precise, and cost-effective approach for routine monitoring of NMOCs, enabling accurate evaluation of ambient air composition and compliance with environmental standards.
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Acrylonitrile
Overview
Acrylonitrile is a volatile and toxic organic compound widely used as a raw material in the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, resins, and rubber. Due to its potential health hazards and environmental impact, accurate monitoring of acrylonitrile in air, water, and industrial processes is essential for ensuring safety and regulatory compliance. As a nitrogen-containing compound, acrylonitrile requires an analytical method that offers high selectivity and sensitivity for trace-level detection in complex matrices.
Test Methods
Solutions
Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection (GC-NPD) provides a selective and reliable technique for the determination of acrylonitrile. In this method, samples are collected and introduced into the gas chromatograph, where volatile components are separated based on their chemical and physical properties. The nitrogen-phosphorus detector responds specifically to compounds containing nitrogen or phosphorus, offering excellent sensitivity and low detection limits for acrylonitrile. GC-NPD enables accurate quantification and effective monitoring of acrylonitrile in environmental and industrial applications, supporting both quality control and safety assurance.
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Acrylamide
Overview
Acrylamide is a water-soluble organic compound primarily used in the manufacture of polyacrylamide and other industrial polymers. It can also form unintentionally in food products during high-temperature cooking processes such as frying, baking, or roasting. Because acrylamide is classified as a probable human carcinogen and a neurotoxic compound, its accurate detection and quantification are critical for food safety, environmental monitoring, and occupational exposure assessment.
Test Methods
Solutions
Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD) offers a sensitive and selective method for the determination of acrylamide in various matrices. Prior to analysis, acrylamide is typically derivatized to improve its volatility and chromatographic behavior. The gas chromatograph separates the derivatized compounds, while the electron capture detector provides high sensitivity toward electronegative species, making it well-suited for trace-level detection. GC-ECD enables precise and reliable quantification of acrylamide, supporting quality control, food safety compliance, and environmental testing applications.
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Acetonitrile
Overview
Acetonitrile is a volatile, nitrogen-containing organic solvent widely used in chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and analytical laboratories. It is also a common byproduct in industrial processes such as acrylonitrile production. Due to its toxicity and potential environmental impact, monitoring acetonitrile concentrations in air, water, and process streams is important for ensuring workplace safety, environmental protection, and regulatory compliance.
Test Methods
Solutions
Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection (GC-NPD) provides a highly selective and sensitive technique for the determination of acetonitrile. In this method, samples are introduced into the gas chromatograph where volatile compounds are separated based on their physicochemical properties. The nitrogen-phosphorus detector responds specifically to nitrogen-containing compounds, offering excellent sensitivity and low detection limits for acetonitrile. GC-NPD enables accurate quantification and reliable monitoring of acetonitrile in environmental, industrial, and occupational safety applications.
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Aniline and Selected Derivatives
Overview
Aniline and its derivatives are aromatic amines widely used as intermediates in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, rubber processing chemicals, and agricultural products. Many of these compounds are toxic and environmentally persistent, requiring careful monitoring in industrial effluents, air, and environmental samples. Because they contain nitrogen atoms, anilines can be selectively analyzed using detection methods that target nitrogen-containing compounds, ensuring accurate identification even in complex mixtures.
Test Methods
Solutions
Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection (GC-NPD) provides a sensitive and selective method for the determination of aniline and its derivatives. Samples are typically extracted and purified prior to GC analysis to minimize matrix interferences. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds based on their volatility and polarity, while the nitrogen-phosphorus detector offers enhanced sensitivity for nitrogen-containing analytes. GC-NPD enables precise quantification and reliable detection of trace-level aromatic amines, making it an effective tool for environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and regulatory compliance testing.
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Acrylamide, Acrylonitrile and Acrolein
Overview
Acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and acrolein are small, highly reactive organic compounds commonly used in industrial manufacturing and polymer production. They may also be formed as byproducts in combustion processes or during high-temperature cooking. Due to their toxicity and potential carcinogenicity, accurate monitoring of these compounds in environmental, food, and industrial samples is essential for ensuring safety and regulatory compliance. Because these analytes are volatile and polar, their analysis requires a technique capable of handling reactive and low-molecular-weight compounds with good sensitivity.
Test Methods
EPA Method 8316
Solutions
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection (HPLC-UV) provides a reliable and effective method for the determination of acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and acrolein. In this approach, samples are prepared and separated on a reversed-phase column using optimized mobile phase conditions to achieve good resolution among these closely related compounds. The UV detector enables sensitive and selective quantification based on characteristic absorption wavelengths. HPLC-UV offers high precision, reproducibility, and simplicity for routine analysis, making it well-suited for quality control, environmental monitoring, and food safety testing of these hazardous organic compounds.
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates
Overview
Aromatic hydrocarbons are key components in petroleum-derived fuels and lubricants that influence combustion characteristics, stability, and environmental performance. In middle distillates—such as diesel fuel, kerosene, and jet fuel—the concentration and distribution of mono-, di-, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons are important indicators of product quality and regulatory compliance. Accurate determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types helps refineries optimize production processes and ensure adherence to environmental and fuel standards.
Test Methods
ASTM D6591
Solutions
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detection (HPLC-RI) provides a precise and reliable method for the determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillate samples. The technique separates aromatic species based on their polarity and molecular structure using a specialized stationary phase. The refractive index detector offers stable and universal detection without the need for compound-specific chromophores, making it suitable for hydrocarbon mixtures. HPLC-RI enables accurate quantification of monoaromatic, diaromatic, and triaromatic hydrocarbons, supporting quality control, specification testing, and compliance with fuel property standards.
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SpectraLab Scientific Inc
Established in 2003,
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